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©2003, by Hillel Glazer, Entinex, Inc.
The CMMI (Capability Maturity Model - Integration) is a government-funded set of best practices mostly used for software development. By following these practices, government purchasers and software developers alike can gain better insight into and control over software projects, thus improving the product’s quality and matching the cost and schedule more closely with estimates. So, in order to develop software for the government, developers are required to implement the CMMI best practices. However, the large number of unsuccessful and/or painful CMMI implementations has proved this implementation easier said than done.
Let’s take a look at two points that often make implementing the CMMI a challenge:
- Unlike many typical government standards, the CMMI doesn’t tell the user "how" to satisfy the criteria, and
- Many people who attempt to implement CMMI have a hard time separating the development details from the management practices.
The first challenge above results from the CMMI being a "descriptive" and not a "prescriptive" standard. This means it describes the end result (what to accomplish) but does not prescribe the method of getting there (how to do it). Most government contractors have come to expect that standards not only lay out the performance requirements, but also exactly how to fulfill those requirements. Not so with the CMMI.
Think of it as though your doctor tells you to "get into shape" but doesn’t give you any idea of how "out of shape" you are, what nutrition or exercise regimen to follow, or exactly what is unhealthy about the way you are now. Imagine you’ve only been shown a picture of what "in shape" looks like, and you’re told, "Become like that." Not much help, is it? But that’s pretty much how the CMMI comes across -- especially compared to how it used to be throughout decades of prescriptive government standards explicitly directing government contractors in both what to do and how to do it.
The lack of "prescription" in the CMMI was on purpose. While it causes a lot of headaches to many organizations implementing CMMI, this lack of "how" in the CMMI allows each company to create its own approach-based on what works best for it. The CMMI is a set of processes, described in terms of general and specific activities. Because of the many ways in which an organization can carry out those activities, each process can (and ought to) be unique to each individual company.
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